Living together
(cohabitation) without
marriage can be a reasonable option to marriage, and in the case of
same-sex (gay, transgender, bisexual, lesbian) relationships where marriage is not yet sanctioned by the
State, it may be the only option a couple wishing to live together has. Because
everyone that lives together shares part of their property with
another person, we recommend that certain legal agreements be
executed between partners living together in Alabama. The
following list of documents are just some of the most common
documents used by couples who are living together. Of course, every
situation is different and particular legal advise can address
problems and concerns before they become onerous. We hope this
list helps couples begin a dialogue that will be useful to them in
protecting their relationship and the property they share.
1. Living Will—A living
will allows you to set out what life-prolonging treatments will be
withheld or provided in the event that you cannot communicate these
wishes. Once a doctor receives a properly signed and witnessed
living will he or she must honor its instructions or transfer you to
the care of another doctor who will.
2. Durable Power of
Attorney—A Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare gives another
person the authority to make healthcare decisions for you in the
event you cannot communicate your wishes. It is common to name the
person you live with as the one who will make these decisions.
3. Short Form Property
Agreements–These two contracts, although brief are legally
enforceable. One of them keeps property separate and the other
shares most of the property after living together.
4. Joint Ownership
Agreement–Although you and the person you live with may want to
keep things separate at first, you may later decide to purchase an
item jointly. You will want a document showing you both own the
property together.
5. Homemaker Services
Agreement–While living together, if one of you is responsible for
housework and childcare you may want a contract that would provide
fair compensation for these responsibilities.
6. Dividing Expenses Based
on Income—When it comes to paying the bills you and the person
you’re living with may want to divide the costs. If one of you
makes more money than the other an unequal payment agreement may be
in order. If you make 30% more than your partner you may pay 30%
more of the bills.
7. Starving Artist
Agreement–In the event that one or both of you are artist an
agreement may be made where you take turns supporting each other.
This allows one of you to pursue their artistic talent
full-time.
8. Agreement for People in
School—In your relationship, if one of you is going through school
while the other is paying the tuition it is wise to make an
agreement ensuring the fair compensation of the person paying the
tuition.
9. Sharing Rent–Pay
attention to the fine print. Many rental or lease agreements are
highly restrictive or downright illegal. Particularly look for
language prohibiting “immoral behavior”. If living together is
illegal where you live, this language could possibly be used to
evict you.
10. If you are living in
rented or leased property only the person signing the rent or lease
has a right to live in the property. If that person leaves, dies,
etc. the other person has no rights to remain in the property. This
can be changed, however, by signing a new lease, making and oral
agreement with the landlord, or by paying the rent owed to the
landlord on a regular basis.
11. Buying Realty–Even if
you hate contracts, when buying a house it’s foolish not to have
one. Contracts can be made for nearly any joint ownership, be it
equal or unequal ownership.
12. If an unmarried couple
has a child they should have the father sign a paper stating he’s
the father as quickly as possible. This reduces the likelihood of a
later court battle over paternity and also ensures that the child is
eligible for ll the benefits (health, survivor’s, disability, and
life insurance) he or she is entitled to.
13. Separation
Agreements—If an unmarried couple with a child decides to separate
they can make their on child support, custody and visitation
arrangements. This requires both parents to put their own desires
aside in the best interest of the child. No agreement is permanent
so approach it with a spirit of flexibility.
14. Death and
Property—Many unmarried couples who live together do not have
wills prepared to divide up their property. If a will is not
prepared one’s property may be distributed amongst the
deceased’s blood relatives with their partner receiving nothing. A
contract or will should be prepared regarding the distribution of
property.
15. Wills—A will is a
document in which you leave your property to anyone you choose.
Wills are easy to change.
16. Codicil—This is used
to make minor changes to your will after it has been signed. It
comes at the end of the will and should be signed and witnessed in
the same manner as the will.
You can inadvertently
end up married to someone by living with them in the State of
Alabama. That is called common law marriage.
There are several requirements for the formation of a common law marriage in Alabama. The first is the express mutual consent and intent to be married. In addition, parties must hold themselves out to the world as being married or "must openly and professedly live as husband and wife". While the intention of the parties may certainly be proven by their words to others, the incidence of "swearing contests" between parties who dispute whether or not there was an intent to be married have induced the courts to rely on parties actions and conduct to determine their intentions in resolving this issue. Courts may ask if there was a joint bank account? If such an account was held in the name of "Mr. & Mrs."? If the parties jointly execute a lease as "Mr. & Mrs."? Determining whether the parties intended a common law marriage involves examining documents such as these to determine the actual legal intent of the parties. There is no specific length of time recognized generally as a requirement for the formation of the common law marriage, but the parties must actually live together for some period of time while they are "holding out" as husband and wife.
Even states that do not recognize common law marriages will usually recognize one that was formed in a state which does recognize common law marriages. This means that if you live with someone and hold yourselves out as a married couple in Alabama, separate and move to another state that does not recognize common law marriages, you are most likely still going to be considered married to your common-law spouse. In addition, most states will recognize a common law marriage if the parties at some time during their period of living together resided in a state that allows the formation of common law marriages. Even if the parties begin living together in a state that does not allow the formation of common law marriages, they can inadvertently form a common law marriage, so long as the requisite "holding out," intent and cohabitation are present, if they move to a state that allows common law marriages. On the other hand, a temporary visit to a state that allows the formation of a common law marriage, so long as the parties are domiciled in another state which does not recognize them, usually will not result in a valid common law marriage.
Because a common-law marriage is not formally recorded, the couple, if challenged, may have to prove the existence of their marriage contract. They may have to prove that they live together as man and wife and present themselves to the public as a married couple. Where recognized, a common-law marriage is as valid as a typical marriage. Ascertain if the state/country you are living in recognizes common law marriages.
There are four requirements for a valid common law marriage. Just living together isn't enough to validate a common law marriage:
1. You must live together.
2. You must present yourselves to others as a married couple. Some ways of doing this are by using the same last name, referring to one another as husband or wife, and filing a joint tax return.
3. Although not defined, you have to be together for a significant period of time.
4. You must intend to be married.
5. You must consummate the marital relationship.
In the United States, every state is Constitutionally required and obliged to recognize as valid a common-law marriage that was recognized in another state. However, recent DOMA (Defense of Marriage Act) statutes have legally changed the nature of marriage in America, and may prevent common-law marriage recognition in other states. It is fair to say that in defending marriage, these statutes have made it less likely that a couple that lives together will find recognition of their common-law marriages in neighboring states. In today's age, the definition of marriage is subject to considerable debate and uncertainty based on the new DOMA statutes.
It is easy to see why
if you are living together as a man and woman in Alabama, you would
want to execute certain documents to protect your interests.
If you intend to remain single but cohabitate, a proper living
together agreement can protect your property, visitation with
children, and even your right to marry in the future.
We can help couples execute
these agreements in a manner that can offer protections otherwise
not available to cohabitating Alabama couples.
The
following language is required pursuant to Rule 7.2, Alabama Rules
of Professional Conduct: No representation is made that the quality
of the legal services to be performed is greater than the quality of
the legal services performed by other lawyers.
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